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The English word fungus is directly adopted from the Latin fungus (mushroom), used in the writings of Horace and Pliny. [10] This in turn is derived from the Greek word sphongos (σφόγγος 'sponge'), which refers to the macroscopic structures and morphology of mushrooms and molds; [11] the root is also used in other languages, such as the German Schwamm ('sponge') and Schimmel ('mold').
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to fungi and mycology: . Fungi – "Fungi" is plural for "fungus". A fungus is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as multicellular fungi that produce familiar fruiting forms known as mushrooms.
MICROORGANISM TYPE ( Bacterium / Fungus ) FOOD / BEVERAGE Acetobacter aceti: bacterium: chocolate [1]Acetobacter aceti: bacterium: vinegar [2]Acetobacter cerevisiae
The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology or fungal biology, which is historically regarded as a branch of botany, even though genetic studies have shown that fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants. Fungi reproduce via spores and grow as hyphae, mycelia, and further
Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as Cladonia belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (containing all of the descendants of a common ancestor).
[3] Lactococcus helveticus: Production of cheese, including swiss cheese. [3] Lactococcus lactis: Production of cheese. [3] Leuconostoc mesenteroides: Fermentation of sauerkraut. [3] Moulds (for making cheese, tempeh, Quorn, Pu-erh and some sausages) Edible mushrooms: Food Oenococcus oeni: Involved in wine fermentation. [3] Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2-amino-3-cyclopropylbutanoic acid and 2-amino-5-chloro-4-pentenoic acid [10] North America Amanita vittadinii. Amanita strobiliformis. Edible Agaricus species Amanita cothurnata: Booted amanita muscimol and ibotenic acid [11] North America Amanita echinocephala: European solitary amanita A. smithiana toxin [6] Europe, Western Asia and North Africa
Ascomycetes, sac fungi. A phylum of fungi characterized by the presence of an ascus, a sac-like structure where ascospores are produced. The largest group of fungi. Includes cup fungi or Discomycetes; most dermatophyte s; the mycobiont part of most lichens; powdery mildews; and fungi that produce truffle s. [37] ascospore