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This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2] [3] [4]
From the time of Muhammad, the final prophet of Islam, many Muslim states and empires have been involved in warfare. The concept of Jihad, the religious duty to struggle, has long been associated with struggles for promoting a religion, although some observers refer to such struggle as "the lesser jihad" by comparison with inner spiritual striving.
Muslims wage war against Kahina in North Africa. The Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. They advance in Transoxiana and occupy Kish. 700: Muslims attack the pagan Berbers in North Africa and convert all of them to Islam in a short period of time. By the end of this century, the global Muslim population had grown to 1 percent of the total.
701: Ibn al-Ash'ath's rebellion in Iraq, battle of Dayr al-Jamajim. 703: Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam of Shia Islam, is born. 705: Death of caliph Abd al-Malik.Accession of Al-Walid I as Umayyad Caliph.
The Muslim–Quraysh War was a six-year military and religious war in the Arabian Peninsula between the early Muslims led by Muhammad on one side and the Arab pagan Quraysh tribe on the other. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The war started in March 624 with the Battle of Badr , [ 4 ] and concluded with the Conquest of Mecca .
811: Abbasid Civil War: Battle of Ray (811) in Persia. 812, August: Abbasid Civil War: the Siege of Baghdad begins; 813, September: Abbasid Civil War: the Siege of Baghdad ends with the capture of the city by the forces of al-Ma'mun and the death of al-Amin; 813: Tahir ibn Husayn appointed as Governor of Mosul by Al-Ma'mun
Rinchan is converted to Islam and adopts the name of Sultan Sadruddin. 1314: In Granada, Abul Juyush is overthrown by his nephew Abul Wahid Ismail. 1315: In Tunisia, War breaks out between Bougie and Tunis; Lihani is defeated and killed. Abu Bakr becomes the ruler of Bougie and Tunis.
This century corresponds to approximately 126 – 23 BH.. 570: Year of the Elephant. 50–60 days before Muhammad's birth, Abraha, the Viceroy of Yemen, reaches Mecca with his army of elephants to demolish the Kaaba.