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So many Loyalists arrived on the shores of the St. John River that a separate colony—New Brunswick—was created in 1784; [102] followed in 1791 by the division of Quebec into the largely French-speaking Lower Canada (French Canada) along the St. Lawrence River and the Gaspé Peninsula and an anglophone Loyalist Upper Canada, with its capital ...
John A. Macdonald became the first prime minister of Canada. Effective governance of the United Province of Canada after 1840 required a careful balancing of the interests of French and English- speaking populations; and between Catholics and Protestants. John A. Macdonald emerged in the 1850s as a personality who could manage that task.
The Canada First movement is a Canadian nationalist movement organized in 1868 [1] that promoted the British Protestant component as central to Canadian identity. It was at first supported by Goldwin Smith and Edward Blake. Ontario residents, George Denison, Charles Mair, William Alexander Foster and Robert Grant Haliburton founded the movement ...
The first powered heavier-than-air flight in Canada occurred on Bras d'Or Lake at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, when John Alexander Douglas McCurdy piloted the AEA Silver Dart over a flight of less than 1 kilometer. [82] 1910: 4 May: Royal Canadian Navy is established. [83] 1914: 4 August: Great Britain declares war on Germany, bringing Canada into the ...
As of 2023, Canada is a signatory to 15 free trade agreements with 51 different countries. [246] Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy. [249] Atlantic Canada possess vast offshore deposits of natural gas, [250] and Alberta hosts the fourth-largest oil reserves in the world. [251]
On June 10, 1791, the Constitutional Act was enacted in London and gave Canada its first parliamentary constitution. Containing 50 articles, the act brought the following changes: The Province of Quebec was divided into two distinct provinces, Province of Lower Canada (present-day Quebec) and Province of Upper Canada (present-day Ontario).
The United Kingdom transferred most of its remaining land in North America to Canada, with the North-Western Territory and Rupert's Land becoming the North-West Territories. [e] The British government made the transfer after Canada and the Hudson's Bay Company agreed to the terms, including a payment of £300,000 from Canada to the Company. [18]
The first official settlement of Canada was Québec, founded by Samuel de Champlain in 1608. [13] [14] The other four colonies within New France were Hudson's Bay to the north, Acadia and Newfoundland to the east, and Louisiana far to the south. [15] [16] Canada became the most developed of