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A holding company is a company whose primary business is holding a controlling interest in the securities of other companies. [1] A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself. Its purpose is to own stock of other companies to form a corporate group .
A corporate group is composed of companies. The general rule is that a company is a separate legal entity from its shareholders, that is the shareholder's liability for the subsidiary's debts is limited to the value of the shares, [3] and the shareholders cannot be required to perform the company's obligations.
A conglomerate (/ k ə ŋ ˈ ɡ l ɒ m ə r ə t /) is a type of multi-industry company that consists of several different and unrelated business entities that operate in various industries. A conglomerate usually has a parent company that owns and controls many subsidiaries , which are legally independent but financially and strategically ...
According to s.1159 of the Act, a company is a "subsidiary" of another company, its "holding company", if that other company: holds a majority of the voting rights in it, or; is a member of it and has the right to appoint or remove a majority of its board of directors, or
Examples of bank holding companies include JPMorgan Chase & Co., U.S. Bancorp and Citicorp. A bank holding company is a corporate entity that owns a controlling interest in one or more banks.
The term carries slightly different meanings depending upon the specific context and industry. A non-operating subsidiary, in contrast, is a subsidiary that exists on paper, but does not have any assets or employees of its own and therefore cannot function independently as a going business concern. Thus, its only actual business "operations ...
A company or firm in which the holding company owns a significant portion of voting shares, usually 20–50% or a "minority of share ownership", is known as an associate company. A company in which the holding company owns more than 50% voting shares or a "majority of share ownership" is known as a subsidiary. The holding company thus can also ...
The best-known example, established in 1600, was the East India Company of London. Queen Elizabeth I granted it the exclusive right to trade with all countries to the east of the Cape of Good Hope . Some corporations at this time would act on the government's behalf, bringing in revenue from its exploits abroad.