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A pretext (adj.: pretextual) is an excuse to do something or say something that is not accurate. Pretexts may be based on a half-truth or developed in the context of a misleading fabrication. Pretexts have been used to conceal the true purpose or rationale behind actions and words.
Justification and excuse are different defenses in a criminal case (See Justification and excuse). [1] Exculpation is a related concept which reduces or extinguishes a person's culpability , such as their liability to pay compensation to the victim of a tort in the civil law .
Pretexting is a type of social engineering attack that involves a situation, or pretext, created by an attacker in order to lure a victim into a vulnerable situation and to trick them into giving private information, specifically information that the victim would typically not give outside the context of the pretext. [1]
Justification and excuse are different defenses in a United States criminal case. [ 1 ] : 513 Both defenses admit that the defendant committed an act proscribed by law. [ 1 ] : 513 The proscribed act has justification if the act had positive effects that outweigh its negative effects, or is not wrong or blameworthy.
They occur when a police officer wishes to investigate a motorist on other suspicions, generally related to drug possession, and uses a minor traffic infringement as a pretext to stop the driver. In the case of Whren , the defense used a "would-have" rule, asking whether a reasonable police officer would have made the stop without the suspicion ...
In addition to statutory restrictions, some state courts have been skeptical of "public use" excuses for condemnations that primarily benefit private parties. But in other states, pretty much ...
Seeking a reasonable pretext to kill the cock, the cat accuses it of waking people early in the morning and then of incest with its sisters and daughters. In both cases, the cock answers that humanity benefits by its activities. But the cat ends the argument by remarking that it is now her breakfast time and "Cats don't live on dialogues". [12]
Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996), was a unanimous United States Supreme Court decision [1] that "declared that any traffic offense committed by a driver was a legitimate legal basis for a stop."