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Onychoschizia, also known as nail splitting and brittle nails, is a splitting of the free-edged tip of the nail. [1] There is also often a longitudinal split in addition to the separation of keratin layers.
Nail inspection can give hints to the internal condition of the body as well. Nail disease can be very subtle and should be evaluated by a dermatologist with a focus in this particular area of medicine. A nail technician may be the first to note a subtle change in nail health. [2] [3] [4]
When the condition occurs on all the twenty nails of the fingers and toes, it is known as twenty-nail dystrophy, most evident in childhood, [4] favoring males. [ 2 ] [ 5 ] Trachyonychia causes the nails to become opalescent, thin, dull, fragile, and finely longitudinally ridged, and, as a result, distally notched. [ 6 ]
Onychorrhexis (from the Greek words ὄνυχο- ónycho-, "nail" and ῥῆξις rhexis, "bursting"), is a brittleness with breakage of finger or toenails that may result from hypothyroidism, anemia, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or after oral retinoid therapy. [1]: 786 It can also be seen in melanoma that involves the nail and onychomycosis. [2]
Dermatologist Lindsey Zubritsky is “begging” her 1.4 million TikTok followers to check their nails for a vertical line, which could indicate a subungual melanoma, a rare, but serious skin cancer.
Psoriatic nails are characterized by a translucent discolouration in the nail bed that resembles a drop of oil beneath the nail plate. [2] Early signs that may accompany the "oil drop" include thickening of the lateral edges of the nail bed with or without resultant flattening or concavity of the nail; separation of the nail from the underlying nail bed, often in thin streaks from the tip-edge ...
Median nail dystrophy, also known as dystrophia unguis mediana canaliformis, median canaliform dystrophy of Heller, [1]: 657 and solenonychia consists of longitudinal splitting or canal formation in the midline of the nail, a split which often resembles a fir tree, occurring at the cuticle and proceeding outward as the nail grows.
Onychauxis presents with thickened nails without deformity, and this simple thickening may be the result of trauma, acromegaly, Darier's disease, psoriasis, or pityriasis rubra pilaris, or, in some cases, hereditary. [1]: 783 [2] It may appear as loss of nail palate translucency, discoloration, and subungual hyperkeratosis.