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In chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure.
The legal institution of human chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until 1865, predominantly in the South. Slavery was established throughout European colonization in the Americas.
Eventually, chattel slavery became the norm in regions dominated by plantations. The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina established a model in which a rigid social hierarchy placed slaves under the absolute authority of their master.
The arrival of the Spanish colonists introduced chattel slavery and involuntary servitude to the area. Over 90,000 Indigenous peoples were forced to stay at the Spanish missions in California between 1770 and 1834, being kept in well-guarded mission compounds.
Slavery by descent, also called chattel slavery, is the form most often associated with the word "slavery". In chattel slavery, the enslaved person is considered the personal property (chattel) of someone else, and can usually be bought and sold.
Chattel slavery continued on the fringes of Christendom, and revived in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, enslaving Muslims. As in other societies, new slaves were continually needed. The Reconquista wars provided Spain and Portugal with many captives, they still had significant numbers of slaves as the Age of Discovery began.
The slave codes were laws relating to slavery and enslaved people, specifically regarding the Atlantic slave trade and chattel slavery in the Americas. Most slave codes were concerned with the rights and duties of free people in regards to enslaved people.
Chattel slavery was established throughout the Western Hemisphere ("New World") during the era of European colonization.During the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), the rebelling states, also known as the Thirteen Colonies, limited or banned the importation of new slaves in the Atlantic Slave Trade and states split into slave and free states, when some of the rebelling states began to ...