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Any real number can be written in the form m × 10 ^ n in many ways: for example, 350 can be written as 3.5 × 10 2 or 35 × 10 1 or 350 × 10 0. In normalized scientific notation (called "standard form" in the United Kingdom), the exponent n is chosen so that the absolute value of m remains at least one but less than ten ( 1 ≤ | m | < 10 ).
The next rational number (ordered by size of denominator) that is a better rational approximation of π is 52 163 / 16 604 , though it is still only correct to six decimal places. To be accurate to seven decimal places, one needs to go as far as 86 953 / 27 678 . For eight, 102 928 / 32 763 is needed. [2]
Likewise 0.0123 can be rewritten as 1.23 × 10 −2. The part of the representation that contains the significant figures (1.30 or 1.23) is known as the significand or mantissa. The digits in the base and exponent (10 3 or 10 −2) are considered exact numbers so for these digits, significant figures are irrelevant.
((x),(y) = {239, 13 2} is a solution to the Pell equation x 2 − 2 y 2 = −1.) Formulae of this kind are known as Machin-like formulae . Machin's particular formula was used well into the computer era for calculating record numbers of digits of π , [ 39 ] but more recently other similar formulae have been used as well.
Similarly, any decimal fraction a/10 m, such as 1/100 or 37/1000, can be exactly represented in fixed point with a power-of-ten scaling factor 1/10 n with any n ≥ m. This decimal format can also represent any binary fraction a/2 m, such as 1/8 (0.125) or 17/32 (0.53125). More generally, a rational number a/b, with a and b relatively prime and ...
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A straightforward decimal rank system with a word for each order (10 十, 100 百, 1000 千, 10,000 万), and in which 11 is expressed as ten-one and 23 as two-ten-three, and 89,345 is expressed as 8 (ten thousands) 万 9 (thousand) 千 3 (hundred) 百 4 (tens) 十 5 is found in Chinese, and in Vietnamese with a few irregularities.
For example, rounding x = 2.1784 dollars to whole cents (i.e., to a multiple of 0.01) entails computing 2.1784 / 0.01 = 217.84, then rounding that to 218, and finally computing 218 × 0.01 = 2.18. When rounding to a predetermined number of significant digits , the increment m depends on the magnitude of the number to be rounded (or of the ...