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MMTV-PyMT is the model of breast cancer metastasis, in which MMTV-LTR is used to drive the expression of mammary gland specific polyomavirus middle T-antigen, leading to a rapid development of highly metastatic tumors. [45] MMTV-PyMT is the most commonly used model for the study of mammary tumor progression and metastasis.
Keratin 14 was the first type I keratin sequence determined. [5] Keratin 14 is also known as cytokeratin-14 (CK-14) or keratin-14 (KRT14). In humans it is encoded by the KRT14 gene. [6] [7] [8] Keratin 14 is usually found as a heterodimer with type II keratin 5 and form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells.
Due to the pronounced resolution activity of Cre, one of its initial applications was the excision of loxP-flanked ("floxed") genes leading to cell-specific gene knockout of such a floxed gene after Cre becomes expressed in the tissue of interest. Current technologies incorporate methods, which allow for both the spatial and temporal control of ...
The Cre-Lox system is widely used to manipulate gene expression in model organisms such as mice in order to study human diseases and drug development. [3] For example, using the Cre-Lox system, researchers are able to study oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and their role in the development and progression of cancer in mouse models.
This cartoon model of Cre recombinase bound to its substrate (DNA) shows the amino acids involved in the active site in red and labelled. This image is generated following cleavage of the DNA. The active site of the Cre enzyme consists of the conserved catalytic triad residues Arg 173, His 289, Arg 292 as well as the conserved nucleophilic ...
Gene knock-in originated as a slight modification of the original knockout technique developed by Martin Evans, Oliver Smithies, and Mario Capecchi.Traditionally, knock-in techniques have relied on homologous recombination to drive targeted gene replacement, although other methods using a transposon-mediated system to insert the target gene have been developed. [3]
A model experiment in genetics using the Cre-lox system: the premature stop sequence present in floxed mice is removed only from cells that express Cre recombinase when the mice are bred together Initiation of site-specific recombination begins with the binding of recombination proteins to their respective DNA targets.
Type I keratins (or Type I cytokeratins) are cytokeratins that constitute the Type I intermediate filaments (IFs) of the intracytoplasmatic cytoskeleton, which is present in all mammalian epithelial cells.
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