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The M-y Diagram is a graphical representation of the conservation of momentum and can be applied over a hydraulic jump to find the upstream and downstream depths. We can see from the above example that the flow approaches supercritically at a depth of y 1. There is a jump to the subcritical conjugate depth of y 1 which is labeled as y 2 in ...
The depth changes abruptly over a comparatively short distance. Rapidly varied flow is known as a local phenomenon. Examples are the hydraulic jump and the hydraulic drop. Gradually-varied flow. The depth changes over a long distance. Continuous flow. The discharge is constant throughout the reach of the channel under consideration. This is ...
A polynomial weir is a weir that has a geometry defined by a polynomial equation of any order n. [11] In practice, most weirs are low-order polynomial weirs. The standard rectangular weir is, for example, a polynomial weir of order zero. The triangular (V-notch) and trapezoidal weirs are of order one. High-order polynomial weirs are providing ...
A diagram showing the relationship for flow depth (y) and total Energy (E) for a given flow (Q). Note the location of critical flow, subcritical flow, and supercritical flow. The energy equation used for open channel flow computations is a simplification of the Bernoulli Equation (See Bernoulli Principle ), which takes into account pressure ...
Figure 4: An undular front on a tidal bore. At this point the water is relatively deep and the fractional change in elevation is small. A tidal bore is a hydraulic jump which occurs when the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travel up a river or narrow bay against the direction of the current. [16]
An illustration exists of a unitless E – Y diagram and how Energy and depth of flow change throughout a Parshall Flume. The two blue lines represent the q values, q 1 for the flow before the constriction, and q 2 representing the value at the constriction (q = Q/b = ft 2 /s, or flow over width in a
which is a system of rectangular hyperbolae. This may be seen by again rewriting in terms of real and imaginary components. Noting that sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ and rewriting sin θ = y / r and cos θ = x / r it is seen (on simplifying) that the streamlines are given by =. The velocity field is given by ∇φ, or
Example: For a spillway crest length/width of 25 ft, Q will vary with H as follows: Discharge as a function of water surface elevation for NRCS and USBR formulas. For the NRCS computations, the mean velocity of approach was assumed to be zero. For the USBR computations, it was assumed that linear interpolation could be used to obtain C from H ...