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The core theory was disruption of the normal circulation of 'atoms' through the body's 'pores' caused disease. To cure a disease it is sufficient to observe some general symptoms of illnesses ; and that there are three kinds of diseases, one bound, another loose ( fluens , a disorder attended with some discharge ), and the third a mixture of these.
Little is known about Sextus Empiricus. He likely lived in Alexandria, Rome, or Athens. [1] His Roman name, Sextus, implies he was a Roman citizen. [2] The Suda, a 10th-century Byzantine encyclopedia, states that he was the same person as Sextus of Chaeronea, [3] as do other pre-modern sources, but this identification is commonly doubted. [4]
The paper is an attack on two central aspects of the logical positivists' philosophy: the first being the analytic–synthetic distinction between analytic truths and synthetic truths, explained by Quine as truths grounded only in meanings and independent of facts, and truths grounded in facts; the other being reductionism, the theory that each ...
Dogma, in its broadest sense, is any belief held definitively and without the possibility of reform.It may be in the form of an official system of principles or doctrines of a religion, such as Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, [1] or Islam, the positions of a philosopher or philosophical school, such as Stoicism, and political belief systems such as fascism, socialism, progressivism ...
Recent critiques of moral foundations theory have also highlighted the limitations of relying solely on moral values to explain moral cognition. Beal [ 74 ] argues that moral cognition is fundamentally shaped by ontological framing, which refers to the ways in which individuals perceive and attribute inherent value to entities in their moral ...
[8] [9] Nevertheless, the difference between the naturalistic fallacy and the fact–value distinction is derived from the manner in which modern social science has used the fact–value distinction, and not the strict naturalistic fallacy to articulate new fields of study and create academic disciplines.
According to Aristotle, how to lead a good life is one of the central questions of ethics. [1]Ethics, also called moral philosophy, is the study of moral phenomena. It is one of the main branches of philosophy and investigates the nature of morality and the principles that govern the moral evaluation of conduct, character traits, and institutions.
Value-pluralism is an alternative to both moral relativism and moral absolutism (which Berlin called monism). [2] An example of value-pluralism is the idea that the moral life of a nun is incompatible with that of a mother, yet there is no purely rational measure of which is preferable. Hence, values are a means to an end.