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In many cases, propionic acidemia can damage the brain, heart, kidney, liver, cause seizures and delays to normal development such as walking or talking. The accumulation of propionic acid is known to induce differential responses in different organs. The heart and liver are specific targets of the complication.
Acid consumption from poisoning such as methanol ingestion, elevated levels of iron in the blood, and chronically decreased production of bicarbonate may also produce metabolic acidosis. Metabolic acidosis is compensated for in the lungs, as increased exhalation of carbon dioxide promptly shifts the buffering equation to reduce metabolic acid.
The esters of propionic acid have fruit-like odors and are sometimes used as solvents or artificial flavorings. [15] In biogas plants, propionic acid is a common intermediate product, which is formed by fermentation with propionic acid bacteria. Its degradation in anaerobic environments (e.g. biogas plants) requires the activity of complex ...
Sodium is also key to maintaining the volume of water in the blood stream; of the water not in the cells about two-thirds is interstitial — between the cells. The normal blood sodium ...
Common causes in pediatric patients may be diarrheal illness, frequent feedings with dilute formula, water intoxication via excessive consumption, and enemas. [3] Pseudohyponatremia is a false low sodium reading that can be caused by high levels of fats or proteins in the blood.
Metabolic acidosis has three main root causes: increased acid production, loss of bicarbonate, and a reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete excess acids. [5] Metabolic acidosis can lead to acidemia, which is defined as arterial blood pH that is lower than 7.35. [ 6 ]
Causes Due to accumulation of argininosuccinate, citrulline, and arginine in the liver when the urea cycle is deficient. Hyperammonemia , or high ammonia levels , is a metabolic disturbance characterised by an excess of ammonia in the blood .
Adaptations in particular in the turtle's blood composition and shell allow it to tolerate high levels of lactic acid accumulation. In the anoxic conditions where fermentation is dominant, calcium levels in the blood plasma increase. [23] This calcium serves as a buffer, reacting with the excess lactate to form the precipitate calcium lactate ...