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A marine reserve is a marine protected area in which removing or destroying natural or cultural resources is prohibited, marine reserves may also be "no-take MPAs,” which strictly forbid all extractive activities, such as fishing and kelp harvesting. As of 2007 less than 1% of the world's oceans had been set aside in marine reserves. [1]
Milford Sound, New Zealand is a strict marine reserve (Category Ia).. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) defines a protected area as: [12] [13]. A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.
A marine park is a designated park consisting of an area of sea (or lake) set aside to achieve ecological sustainability, promote marine awareness and understanding, enable marine recreational activities, and provide benefits for Indigenous peoples and coastal communities. [1]
Castle Rock Marine Protected Area, previously known as the Millers Point Marine Reserve, now part of Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area (2000) [6] Childs Bank Marine Protected Area – Marine conservation area off the west coast of South Africa, (2019), [ 5 ] 1,335 km 2 (515 sq mi)
A Marine Protected Area Network or MPA network is a network of Marine Protected Areas or Marine Reserves.. A Marine Protected Area Network can be defined as "a collection of individual MPAs or reserves operating cooperatively and synergistically, at various spatial scales, and with a range of protection levels that are designed to meet objectives that a single reserve cannot achieve". [1]
Marine nature reserves were introduced in the UK by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, and were designed to conserve marine life and geological or physiographical features of special interest. They have similar status and protection to national nature reserves , but were specifically concerned with a marine environment, including both the ...
Marine Conservation is the overarching term that refers to the protection of threatened oceanic species, and usually involves the establishment of marine reserves. [1] Marine conservation is increasingly beginning to make use of protected area models that are based on principles of landscape ecology and ecosystem management. [2]
The most commonly used definition of marine spatial planning was developed by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO: Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is a public process of analyzing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities in marine areas to achieve ecological, economic and social objectives that have been specified through a political ...