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Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
A marked delay of sleep patterns is a normal feature of the development of adolescent humans. According to Mary Carskadon, both circadian phase and homeostasis (the accumulation of sleep pressure during the wake period) contribute to a DSPD-like condition in post-pubertal as compared to pre-pubertal youngsters. [64]
Adjustment sleep disorder (acute insomnia) 307.41 F 51.02 Psychophysiological insomnia 307.42 F 51.04 Paradoxical insomnia (formerly sleep state misperception) 307.42 F 51.03 Idiopathic insomnia 307.42 F 51.01 Insomnia due to mental disorder 307.42 F 51.05 Inadequate sleep hygiene V69.4 Z72.821 Behavioral insomnia of childhood 307.42 —
Sleep diary layout example. Sleep medicine is a medical specialty or subspecialty devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders. [1] From the middle of the 20th century, research has provided increasing knowledge of, and answered many questions about, sleep–wake functioning. [2]
Firazorexton was studied by Takeda for the treatment of narcolepsy. [3] [4] [5] It is a small-molecule and orally active compound and acts as a highly selective agonist of the orexin receptor 2 (OX 2) with >700-fold selectivity over the orexin receptor 1 (OX 1). [3] [4] [6] [7] Firazorexton is related to danavorexton (TAK-925). [8]
Pediatric narcolepsy cases are cases when patients are diagnosed or experience symptoms onset for narcolepsy before the age of 18. Of patients who obtain a formal diagnosis for narcolepsy, more than 50% report first experiencing symptoms of narcolepsy more than 10 years before their formal diagnosis, with an average age of symptom onset being at age 15 and symptom onset most likely to occur ...
Dyssomnias are a broad classification of sleeping disorders involving difficulty getting to sleep, remaining asleep, or of excessive sleepiness.. Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.
The diagnosis of narcolepsy and cataplexy is usually made by symptom presentation. Presenting with the tetrad of symptoms (excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep-onset paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and cataplexy symptoms) is strong evidence of the diagnosis of narcolepsy.