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There have been many different theories regarding the causes of excoriation disorder, including biological and environmental factors. [10]A common hypothesis is that excoriation disorder is often a coping mechanism to deal with elevated levels of turmoil, boredom, anxiety, or stress within the individual, and that the individual has an impaired stress response.
Onychotillomania can be categorized as a body-focused repetitive behavior in the DSM-5 and is a form of skin picking, also known as excoriation disorder. It can be associated with psychiatric disorders such as depressive neurosis, delusions of infestation [2] and hypochondriasis. [3] It was named by Jan Alkiewicz, a Polish dermatologist. [4]
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Excoriation: A punctate or linear abrasion produced by mechanical means (often scratching), usually involving only the epidermis, but commonly reaching the papillary dermis. [ 30 ] [ 33 ] Ulcer : An ulcer is a discontinuity of the skin exhibiting complete loss of the epidermis and often portions of the dermis.
Nail biting, also known as onychophagy or onychophagia, is an oral compulsive habit of biting one's fingernails.It is sometimes described as a parafunctional activity, the common use of the mouth for an activity other than speaking, eating, or drinking.
Psychomotor agitation is a symptom in various disorders and health conditions. It is characterized by unintentional and purposeless motions and restlessness, often but not always accompanied by emotional distress and is always an indicative for discharge.
Although self-harm is by definition non-suicidal, it may still be life-threatening. [6] People who do self-harm are more likely to die by suicide, [3] [7] and self-harm is found in 40–60% of suicides. [8] Still, only a minority of those who self-harm are suicidal. [9] [10] The desire to self-harm is a common symptom of some personality disorders.
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