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The most common liquid metal to cause embrittlement is mercury, as it is a common contaminant in the processing of hydrocarbons in petroleum reservoirs. [19] The embrittling effects of mercury were first recognized by Pliny the Elder circa 78 AD. [ 20 ]
Adsorption embrittlement is the embrittlement caused by wetting. Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) is the embrittlement caused by liquid metals. Metal-induced embrittlement (MIE) is the embrittlement caused by diffusion of atoms of metal, either solid or liquid, into the material. For example, cadmium coating on high-strength steel, which was ...
Metal-induced embrittlement (MIE) is the embrittlement caused by diffusion of metal, either solid or liquid, into the base material. Metal induced embrittlement occurs when metals are in contact with low-melting point metals while under tensile stress. The embrittler can be either solid or liquid (liquid metal embrittlement).
Corrosion during service in moist environments generates hydrogen, part of which may enter the metal as atomic hydrogen (H •) and cause embrittlement. Presence of a tensile stress, either inherent or externally applied, is necessary for metals to be damaged. As in the case of stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement may also lead to ...
Some of the most popular failure models in this area are the micromechanical failure models, which combine the advantages of continuum mechanics and classical fracture mechanics. [1] Such models are based on the concept that during plastic deformation , microvoids nucleate and grow until a local plastic neck or fracture of the intervoid matrix ...
Calculated metastable miscibility gap in the Fe-Cr binary system (remake of [16] [17]) [1]. Duplex stainless steel can have limited toughness due to its large ferritic grain size, and its tendencies to hardening and embrittlement, i.e., loss of plasticity, at temperatures ranging from 250 to 550 °C (482 to 1,022 °F), especially at 475 °C (887 °F). [18]
[1] Brittle fractures occur without any apparent deformation before fracture. Ductile fractures occur after visible deformation. Fracture strength, or breaking strength, is the stress when a specimen fails or fractures. The detailed understanding of how a fracture occurs and develops in materials is the object of fracture mechanics.
Hydrogen embrittlement – Reduction in ductility of a metal exposed to hydrogen; Ozone cracking – Cracks in many different elastomers due to ozone attack; Polymer degradation – Alteration in the polymer properties under the influence of environmental factors; Season cracking – Form of stress-corrosion cracking of brass cartridge cases