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  2. Pi function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi_function

    In mathematics, at least four different functions are known as the pi or Pi function:

  3. Off-by-one error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-by-one_error

    The correct number of sections for a fence is n − 1 if the fence is a free-standing line segment bounded by a post at each of its ends (e.g., a fence between two passageway gaps), n if the fence forms one complete, free-standing loop (e.g., enclosure accessible by surmounting, such as a boxing ring), or n + 1 if posts do not occur at the ends ...

  4. Euler's identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_identity

    It can be seen that as N gets larger (1 + ⁠ iπ / N ⁠) N approaches a limit of −1. Euler's identity asserts that e i π {\displaystyle e^{i\pi }} is equal to −1. The expression e i π {\displaystyle e^{i\pi }} is a special case of the expression e z {\displaystyle e^{z}} , where z is any complex number .

  5. Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailey–Borwein–Plouffe...

    Using the P function mentioned above, the simplest known formula for π is for s = 1, but m > 1. Many now-discovered formulae are known for b as an exponent of 2 or 3 and m as an exponent of 2 or it some other factor-rich value, but where several of the terms of sequence A are zero. The discovery of these formulae involves a computer search for ...

  6. Six nines in pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_nines_in_pi

    A sequence of six consecutive nines occurs in the decimal representation of the number pi (π), starting at the 762nd decimal place. [1] [2] It has become famous because of the mathematical coincidence, and because of the idea that one could memorize the digits of π up to that point, and then suggest that π is rational.

  7. Approximations of π - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximations_of_π

    This does not admit obvious generalizations in the integers, [clarification needed] because there are only finitely many Heegner numbers and negative discriminants d with class number h(−d) = 1, and d = 163 is the largest one in absolute value. accurate to 52 decimal places:

  8. Pi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

    The number π (/ p aɪ / ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition of the length of a curve.

  9. Proof that π is irrational - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_that_π_is_irrational

    But a sequence of numbers greater than or equal to | | cannot converge to Since f 1 / 2 ( 1 4 π ) = cos ⁡ 1 2 π = 0 , {\displaystyle f_{1/2}({\tfrac {1}{4}}\pi )=\cos {\tfrac {1}{2}}\pi =0,} it follows from claim 3 that 1 16 π 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{16}}\pi ^{2}} is irrational and therefore that π {\displaystyle \pi } is irrational.