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The control unit ( CU) is a component of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) that directs the operation of the processor. A CU typically uses a binary decoder to convert coded instructions into timing and control signals that direct the operation of the other units (memory, arithmetic logic unit and input and output devices, etc.).
The von Neumann architecture —also known as the von Neumann model or Princeton architecture —is a computer architecture based on a 1945 description by John von Neumann, and by others, in the First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC. [ 1] The document describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with these components: The ...
A central processing unit ( CPU ), also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor, is the most important processor in a given computer. [ 1][ 2] Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations. [ 3][ 4][ 5] This role contrasts ...
The control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets (decodes) the program instructions, transforming them into control signals that activate other parts of the computer. [d] Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of execution of some ...
Processor (computing) In computing and computer science, a processor or processing unit is an electrical component ( digital circuit) that performs operations on an external data source, usually memory or some other data stream. [ 1] It typically takes the form of a microprocessor, which can be implemented on a single or a few tightly ...
Instruction cycle. The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch-execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the ...
System bus. A system bus is a single computer bus that connects the major components of a computer system, combining the functions of a data bus to carry information, an address bus to determine where it should be sent or read from, and a control bus to determine its operation. The technique was developed to reduce costs and improve modularity ...
An industrial control system ( ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control. Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field connections.