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There are two main types of mosaic surviving from this period: wall mosaics in churches, and sometimes palaces, made using glass tesserae, sometimes backed by gold leaf for a gold ground effect, and floor mosaics that have mostly been found by archaeology. These often use stone pieces, and are generally less refined in creating their images.
Decoupage or découpage ( / ˌdeɪkuːˈpɑːʒ /; [ 1] French: [dekupaʒ]) is the art of decorating an object by gluing colored paper cutouts onto it in combination with special paint effects, gold leaf, and other decorative elements. Commonly, an object like a small box or an item of furniture is covered by cutouts from magazines or from ...
Al-Aqsa (/ æ l ˈ æ k s ə /; Arabic: الأَقْصَى, romanized: Al-Aqṣā) or al-Masjid al-Aqṣā (Arabic: المسجد الأقصى) [2] is the compound of Islamic religious buildings that sit atop the Temple Mount, also known as the Haram al-Sharif, in the Old City of Jerusalem, including the Dome of the Rock, many mosques and prayer halls, madrasas, zawiyas, khalwas and other domes ...
The history of glass-making dates back to at least 3,600 years ago in Mesopotamia. However, most writers claim that they may have been producing copies of glass objects from Egypt. [ 1] Other archaeological evidence suggests that the first true glass was made in coastal north Syria, Mesopotamia or Egypt. [ 2]
Full-size templates were used to make complex structures such as vaults or the pieces of ribbed columns, which could be reused at different sites. [16] The result of these efforts was a remarkable degree of precision. The stone columns of the triforium of the apse of Chartres Cathedral have a maximum variation of plus or minus 19 mm (0.75 in). [17]
Early Gothic architecture was the result of the emergence in the 12th century of a powerful French state centered in the Île-de-France.King Louis VI of France (1081–1137), had succeeded, after a long struggle, in bringing the barons of northern France under his control, and successfully defended his domain against attacks by the English King, Henry I of England (1100–1135).
A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster / mortar, and covering a surface. [ 1] Mosaics are often used as floor and wall decoration, and were particularly popular in the Ancient Roman world. Mosaic today includes not just murals and pavements, but also ...
Cyclopean masonry. Cyclopean masonry is a type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture, built with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and with clay mortar or [ 1] no use of mortar. The boulders typically seem unworked, but some may have been worked roughly with a hammer and ...