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Liberté, égalité, fraternité ( French pronunciation: [libɛʁte eɡalite fʁatɛʁnite] ), French for ' liberty, equality, fraternity ', [1] is the national motto of France and the Republic of Haiti, and is an example of a tripartite motto. Although it finds its origins in the French Revolution, it was then only one motto among others and ...
The fundamental laws of the Kingdom of France were a set of unwritten principles which dealt with determining the question of royal succession, and placed limits on the otherwise absolute power of the king from the Middle Ages until the French Revolution in 1789. They were based on customary usage and religious beliefs about the roles of God ...
La Marseillaise. " La Marseillaise " [a] is the national anthem of France. The song was written in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg after the declaration of war by France against Austria, and was originally titled " Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin " [b] ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine ").
Idealized sans-culotte by Louis-Léopold Boilly (1761–1845). The sans-culottes (French: [sɑ̃kylɔt]; lit. ' without breeches ') were the common people of the lower classes in late 18th-century France, a great many of whom became radical and militant partisans of the French Revolution in response to their poor quality of life under the Ancien Régime. [1]
20th century: [3] Constitutional Law of 1940 adopted 10 July 1940, established Vichy France. Constitutional law of 2 November 1945, organized the Provisional Government of the French Republic. Constitution of 27 October 1946, established the Fourth Republic. Constitution of 4 October 1958, established the Fifth Republic.
The graphic charter of government communication is the graphic charter of the logo of France, used by government services. It was adopted in 1999 by the government of Lionel Jospin and revolves around a logo associating Marianne, the tricolour flag and the motto Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité ( transl. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity) to ...
On 28 January 2011, the Council decided that the illegality of same-sex marriages was not contrary to the Constitution, further stating that same-sex marriage legalization was a question for Parliament to decide. [28] On 14 June 2011, the National Assembly of France voted 293–222 against legalizing same-sex marriage. [29]
The majority supported a moderate text and obtained 55%. Fabius's allies ("To Rally the Left") advocated more radical policies and gained 20%. Finally, another faction ("New Socialist Party") claimed it was necessary to renovate the party by proposing left-wing policies and a profound reform of French institutions.