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Pain medication, surgery [ 1][ 2] Frequency. ~1% [ 4] Thoracic outlet syndrome ( TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the superior thoracic aperture, the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit, also known as the thoracic outlet. [ 1] There are three main types: neurogenic, venous, and ...
A thoracotomy is a surgical procedure to gain access into the pleural space of the chest. [1] It is performed by surgeons (emergency physicians or paramedics under certain circumstances) to gain access to the thoracic organs, most commonly the heart, the lungs, or the esophagus, or for access to the thoracic aorta or the anterior spine (the latter may be necessary to access tumors in the spine).
Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy ( ETS) is a surgical procedure in which a portion of the sympathetic nerve trunk in the thoracic region is destroyed. [ 1][ 2] ETS is used to treat excessive sweating in certain parts of the body ( focal hyperhidrosis ), facial blushing, Raynaud's disease and reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
Facet syndrome. Facet syndrome is a syndrome in which the facet joints ( synovial diarthroses) cause painful symptoms. [ 1] In conjunction with degenerative disc disease, a distinct but functionally related condition, facet arthropathy is believed to be one of the most common causes of lower back pain. [ 2][ 3]
Subclavian steal syndrome ( SSS ), also called subclavian steal steno-occlusive disease, is a constellation of signs and symptoms that arise from retrograde (reversed) blood flow in the vertebral artery or the internal thoracic artery, due to a proximal stenosis (narrowing) and/or occlusion of the subclavian artery.
Middle back pain. Middle back pain, also known as thoracic back pain, is back pain that is felt in the region of the thoracic vertebrae, which are between the bottom of the neck and top of the lumbar spine. It has a number of potential causes, ranging from muscle strain to collapse of a vertebra or rare serious diseases.
Tarlov cyst. Tarlov cysts, are type II innervated meningeal cysts, cerebrospinal-fluid -filled (CSF) sacs most frequently located in the spinal canal of the sacral region of the spinal cord ( S1 – S5) and much less often in the cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine. They can be distinguished from other meningeal cysts by their nerve-fiber-filled ...
Congenital vertebral anomalies are a collection of malformations of the spine. Most, around 85%, are not clinically significant, but they can cause compression of the spinal cord by deforming the vertebral canal or causing instability. This condition occurs in the womb. Congenital vertebral anomalies include alterations of the shape and number ...