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A quadruple jump or quad is a figure skating jump with at least four (but fewer than five) revolutions. [1] All quadruple jumps have four revolutions, except for the quadruple Axel, which has four and a half revolutions. The quadruple toe loop and quadruple Salchow are the two most commonly performed quads.
Kurt Browning represented Canada in three Winter Olympics, 1988 (finishing 8th overall), 1992 (6th) and 1994 (5th). [citation needed] Browning won the Canadian novice championships in 1983 and was the Canadian junior champion in 1985.
The toe loop jump is the simplest jump in figure skating. [37] It was invented in the 1920s by American professional figure skater Bruce Mapes. [38] In competition the base value of a single toe loop is 0.40; the base value of a double toe loop is 1.30; the base value of a triple toe loop is 4.20; and the base value of a quadruple toe loop is 9 ...
Additionally, the difference in base value between a triple Axel and a triple Lutz is 2.2 points, whereas between a quadruple toe and a triple Axel it is only 1.6 points. The degree of difficulty, however, between a triple Axel and a quad is greater than the degree of difficulty between a triple Lutz and a triple Axel. [citation needed]
Skate Canada calls twist lifts "sometimes the most thrilling and exciting component in pair skating". [1] They can also be most difficult movement to perform correctly. [1] Twist lifts require more strength and coordination than many other pair elements, and are usually the first or second element in a program. [17]
The Axel jump is the most studied jump in figure skating. In competition, the base value of an Axel is determined by the number of revolutions completed during the jump. [7] The base value of a single Axel is 1.10, a double Axel 3.30, a triple Axel 8.00, a quadruple Axel 12.50 and a quintuple Axel is 14. [8]
[1] [2] According to U.S. Figure Skating, the loop jump is "the most fundamental of all the jumps". [3] According to writer Ellyn Kestnbaum, the jump also gets its name from the shape the blade would leave on the ice if the skater performed the rotation without leaving the ice. [ 4 ]
The 2008 World Figure Skating Championships was a senior international figure skating competition in the 2007–08 figure skating season.Medals were awarded in the disciplines of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing.