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Following the establishment of state boards of nursing in the early 20th century, each board independently developed and administered its own licensure exams. After the start of World War II, state boards of nursing came under increasing pressure to expedite licensing and schedule exams more frequently.
Bioinformatics is the name given to these mathematical and computing approaches used to glean understanding of biological processes. Common activities in bioinformatics include mapping and analyzing DNA and protein sequences, aligning DNA and protein sequences to compare them, and creating and viewing 3-D models of protein structures.
The BINC examination was introduced in 2006 [1] to identify and certify professionals in the area of Bioinformatics. A national coordination committee under the chairmanship of Prof. P. Gautam consisting of Bioinformatics experts from all over the country, decides the mode, frequency, syllabus, centers of examination, question paper setters, evaluators, etc.
Translational bioinformatics is a relatively young field within translational research. [5] [6] Google trends indicate the use of "bioinformatics" has decreased since the mid-1990s when it was suggested as a transformative approach to biomedical research. [6]
The National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), founded in 1915, is a United States non-profit which develops and manages assessments of student physicians. Known for its role in developing the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) in partnership with the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB), USMLE examinations for medical students and residents are used by medical licensing ...
The Leitner system for scheduling flashcards was introduced by German scientific journalist Sebastian Leitner in the 1970s with his book, So lernt man lernen. [6] Later, the SuperMemo program and algorithm (specifically the SM-2 algorithm, which is the most popular in other programs) was introduced in 1987 by Polish researcher Piotr Woźniak. [7]
A workflow management system used for building and running scalable and reproducible bioinformatics pipelines, especially in cloud and high-performance computing environments. Linux, macOS, Windows: Apache License 2.0 Nextflow Team [6] PathVisio: Desktop software for drawing, analyzing, and visualizing biological pathways Linux, macOS, Windows ...
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [1] [2] is part of the (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is approved and funded by the government of the United States. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland, and was founded in 1988 through legislation sponsored by US Congressman Claude Pepper.