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Before World War I the beet sugar industry used 100,000 to 150,000 tons of strontium hydroxide for this process per year. [42] The strontium hydroxide was recycled in the process, but the demand to substitute losses during production was high enough to create a significant demand initiating mining of strontianite in the Münsterland.
About 8% by weight of cathode-ray tubes is strontium oxide, which has been the major use of strontium since 1970. [3] [4] Color televisions and other devices containing color cathode-ray tubes sold in the United States are required by law to use strontium in the faceplate to block X-ray emission (these X-ray emitting TVs are no longer in production).
Naturally occurring strontium is nonradioactive and nontoxic at levels normally found in the environment, but 90 Sr is a radiation hazard. [4] 90 Sr undergoes β − decay with a half-life of 28.79 years and a decay energy of 0.546 MeV distributed to an electron, an antineutrino, and the yttrium isotope 90 Y, which in turn undergoes β − decay with a half-life of 64 hours and a decay energy ...
Strontium and barium have fewer applications than the lighter alkaline earth metals. Strontium carbonate is used in the manufacturing of red fireworks. [75] Pure strontium is used in the study of neurotransmitter release in neurons. [76] [77] Radioactive strontium-90 finds some use in RTGs, [78] [79] which utilize its decay heat.
Strontium belongs to the same periodic family as calcium (alkaline earth metals), and is metabolised in a similar fashion, preferentially targeting metabolically active regions of the bone. 89 Sr is an artificial radioisotope used in the treatment of osseous (bony) metastases of bone cancer .
All other strontium isotopes have half-lives shorter than 50 days, most under 100 minutes. Strontium-89 is an artificial radioisotope used in treatment of bone cancer; [ 5 ] this application utilizes its chemical similarity to calcium, which allows it to substitute calcium in bone structures.
Globally, most REEs are used for catalysts and magnets. [130] In the US, more than half of REEs are used for catalysts; ceramics, glass, and polishing are also main uses. [131] Other important uses of rare-earth elements are applicable to the production of high-performance magnets, alloys, glasses, and electronics.
Strontium aluminate cement can be used as refractory structural material. It can be prepared by sintering of a blend of strontium oxide or strontium carbonate with alumina in a roughly equimolar ratio at about 1500 °C. It can be used as a cement for refractory concrete for temperatures up to 2000 °C as well as for radiation shielding. The use ...