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of arm/humerus at shoulder [1] Deltoid muscle; Supraspinatus; Infraspinatus; Teres minor; of thigh/femur at hip [2] Gluteus maximus; Lateral rotator group. piriformis; gemellus superior; obturator internus; pectineus ; gemellus inferior; obturator externus; quadratus femoris; Sartorius; of leg at knee [3] Biceps femoris; of eyeball (motion is ...
Sensation that the shoulder is slipping out of the joint during abduction and external rotation. [6] Shoulder and arm held in external rotation (anterior dislocation), or adduction and internal rotation (posterior dislocation). [6] Resistance of all movement. Numbness of the arm. Visibly displaced shoulder.
Arthrography of shoulder joint (with or without computed tomography) is performed by injecting contrast below and lateral to the coracoid process to outline the shoulder joint. Axillary pouch of the shoulder can be seen on external rotation, while subscapular (subcoracoid) bursa can be seen on internal rotation of arm. The contrast should not ...
The shoulder joint is considered a ball-and-socket joint. However, in bony terms the 'socket' (the glenoid fossa of the scapula) is quite shallow and small, covering at most only a third of the 'ball' (the head of the humerus). The socket is deepened by the glenoid labrum, stabilizing the shoulder joint. [1] [2]
Various non-operative reduction techniques are employed. They have certain principles in common, including gentle in-line traction, reduction or abolition of muscle spasm, and gentle external rotation. They all strive to avoid inadvertent injury. Two of them, the Milch and Stimson techniques, have been compared in a randomized trial. [3]
A separated shoulder, also known as acromioclavicular joint injury, is a common injury to the acromioclavicular joint. [2] The AC joint is located at the outer end of the clavicle where it attaches to the acromion of the scapula. [2] Symptoms include non-radiating pain which may make it difficult to move the shoulder.
Passive exercises include internal and external rotation of the shoulder joint, as well as flexion and extension of the shoulder. [26] A 2019 Cochrane Systematic Review found with a high degree of certainty that subacromial decompression surgery does not improve pain, function, or quality of life compared with a placebo surgery. [23]
Adhesive capsulitis (AC), also known as frozen shoulder, is a condition associated with shoulder pain and stiffness. [1] It is a common shoulder ailment that is marked by pain and a loss of range of motion, particularly in external rotation. [3] There is a loss of the ability to move the shoulder, both voluntarily and by others, in multiple ...