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If the substitution effect is stronger than the income effect then the labour supply slopes upward. If, beyond a certain wage rate, the income effect is stronger than the substitution effect, then the labour supply curve bends backward. Individual labor supply curves can be aggregated to derive the total labour supply of an economy. [1]
The labour supply curve shows how changes in real wage rates might affect the number of hours worked by employees.. In economics, a backward-bending supply curve of labour, or backward-bending labour supply curve, is a graphical device showing a situation in which as real (inflation-corrected) wages increase beyond a certain level, people will substitute time previously devoted for paid work ...
A firm's labour demand in the short run (D) and a horizontal supply curve (S) The marginal revenue product of labour can be used as the demand for labour curve for this firm in the short run. In competitive markets , a firm faces a perfectly elastic supply of labour which corresponds with the wage rate and the marginal resource cost of labour ...
A firm's short-run supply curve is the marginal cost curve above the shutdown point—the short-run marginal cost curve (SRMC) above the minimum average variable cost. The portion of the SRMC below the shutdown point is not part of the supply curve because the firm is not producing any output. [13]
In economics, average variable cost (AVC) is a firm's variable costs (VC; labour, electricity, etc.) divided by the quantity of output produced (Q): = Average variable cost plus average fixed cost equals average total cost (ATC): A V C + A F C = A T C . {\displaystyle AVC+AFC=ATC.}
The IS–LM model shows the relationship between interest rates and output in the short run in a closed economy. The intersection of the " investment – saving " (IS) and " liquidity preference – money supply " (LM) curves illustrates a " general equilibrium " where supposed simultaneous equilibria occur in both the goods and the money markets.
According to this model, the prime labor supply source of the industrial sector is the agricultural sector, due to redundancy in the agricultural labor force. (B) shows the labor supply curve for the industrial sector S. PP 2 represents the straight line part of the curve and is a measure of the redundant agricultural labor force on a graph ...
In the diagram, the long-run Phillips curve is the vertical red line. The NAIRU theory says that when unemployment is at the rate defined by this line, inflation will be stable. However, in the short-run policymakers will face an inflation-unemployment rate trade-off marked by the "Initial Short-Run Phillips Curve" in the graph.