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Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). At this scale, commonly known as the nanoscale, surface area and quantum mechanical effects become important in describing properties of matter. This definition of nanotechnology includes all types of research and technologies that deal ...
The National Nanotechnology Initiative is a United States federal nanotechnology research and development program. “The NNI serves as the central point of communication, cooperation, and collaboration for all Federal agencies engaged in nanotechnology research, bringing together the expertise needed to advance this broad and complex field."
Nanoelectronics – use of nanotechnology on electronic components, including transistors so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively. Nanomechanics – branch of nanoscience studying fundamental mechanical (elastic, thermal and kinetic) properties of physical systems at the nanometer ...
Nanotechnology is giving rise to nanographene batteries that can store energy more efficiently and weigh less. [26] Lithium-ion batteries have been the primary battery technology in electronics for the last decade, but the current limits in the technology make it difficult to densify batteries due to the potential dangers of heat and explosion ...
Nanotechnology is an active research area that encompasses a number of disciplines such as electronics, bio-mechanics and coatings. These disciplines assist in the areas of civil engineering and construction materials. [22] If nanotechnology is implemented in the construction of homes and infrastructure, such structures will be stronger.
The top-down approach is breaking down of a system into small components, while bottom-up is assembling sub-systems into larger system. [15] A bottom-up approach for nano-assembly is a primary research target for nano-fabrication because top down synthesis is expensive (requiring external work) and is not selective on very small length scales, but is currently the primary mode of industrial ...
Because nanotechnology is a recent development, the health and safety effects of exposures to nanomaterials, and what levels of exposure may be acceptable, are subjects of ongoing research. [9] Of the possible hazards, inhalation exposure appears to present the most concern.
The production of nanoparticles with specific properties is a branch of nanotechnology. In general, the small size of nanoparticles leads to a lower concentration of point defects compared to their bulk counterparts, [ 8 ] but they do support a variety of dislocations that can be visualized using high-resolution electron microscopes . [ 9 ]