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A mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. [1] For example, the constant π may be defined as the ratio of the length of a circle's circumference to ...
An example is the function that relates each real number x to its square x 2. The output of a function f corresponding to an input x is denoted by f(x) (read "f of x"). In this example, if the input is −3, then the output is 9, and we may write f(−3) = 9. The input variable(s) are sometimes referred to as the argument(s) of the function.
A coefficient is a numerical value, or letter representing a numerical constant, that multiplies a variable (the operator is omitted). A term is an addend or a summand, a group of coefficients, variables, constants and exponents that may be separated from the other terms by the plus and minus operators. [9] Letters represent variables and ...
These two notions are used almost identically, therefore one usually must be told whether a given symbol denotes a variable or a constant. [4] Variables are often used for representing matrices, functions, their arguments, sets and their elements, vectors, spaces, etc. [5] In mathematical logic, a variable is a symbol that either represents an ...
A constant may be used to define a constant function that ignores its arguments and always gives the same value. [6] A constant function of a single variable, such as f ( x ) = 5 {\displaystyle f(x)=5} , has a graph of a horizontal line parallel to the x -axis. [ 7 ]
For example, they are used to form polynomial equations, which encode a wide range of problems, from elementary word problems to complicated scientific problems; they are used to define polynomial functions, which appear in settings ranging from basic chemistry and physics to economics and social science; and they are used in calculus and ...
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