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Many other beetles, including ladybirds, blister beetles, and lycid beetles secrete distasteful or toxic substances to make them unpalatable or poisonous, and are often aposematic, where bright or contrasting coloration warn off predators; many beetles and other insects mimic these chemically protected species. [120]
Female margined blister beetle pursued by multiple males. Cantharidin, a poisonous chemical that causes blistering of the skin, is secreted as a defensive agent. It is used medically to remove warts [2] and is collected for this purpose from species of the genera Mylabris and Lytta, especially Lytta vesicatoria, better known as "Spanish fly".
Ground beetles are a large, cosmopolitan family of beetles, [2] the Carabidae, with more than 40,000 species worldwide, around 2,000 of which are found in North America and 2,700 in Europe. [3] As of 2015, it is one of the 10 most species-rich animal families.
Bombardier beetles are ground beetles (Carabidae) in the tribes Brachinini, Paussini, Ozaenini, or Metriini—more than 500 species altogether—which are most notable for the defense mechanism that gives them their name: when disturbed, they eject a hot noxious chemical spray from the tip of the abdomen with a popping sound.
European rhinoceros beetle European rhinoceros beetle – three stages from larva to adult: larva (back), pupa (center), and imago (front). The Dynastinae are among the largest of beetles, reaching more than 15 centimetres (6 inches) in length, but are completely harmless to humans because they cannot bite or sting.
Diamphidia nigroornata or Bushman arrow-poison beetle, is an African leaf beetle species in the genus Diamphidia. The larvae and pupae of Diamphidia produce a toxin used by San people as an arrow poison. [1] [2] The Finnish explorer Hendrik Jacob Wikar, who travelled in Southern Africa in 1773–1779, described the larvae as "poisonous worms".
Diamphidia, or Bushman arrow-poison beetle, is an African genus of flea beetles, in the family Chrysomelidae. The larvae and pupae of Diamphidia produce a toxin used by Bushmen as an arrow poison. [1] [2] The Finnish explorer Hendrik Jacob Wikar, who travelled in Southern Africa in 1773–1779, described the larvae as "poisonous worms".
Of more than a thousand known species of scorpion, only a few dozen have venom that is dangerous to humans, [6] most notably the bark scorpions, including: Centruroides spp. Deathstalker (Leiurus quinquestriatus) Central and South American Tityus, include the Brazilian yellow scorpion. Androctonus spp. Parabuthus spp. Hottentotta spp.