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In Brazil's case, its Gini coefficient decreased from 59.3 in 2001 to 53.1 in 2011; this is double the rate of South Africa. [ 4 ] The top 20% of the population in most countries holds a median of 47% of the income, whereas in South Africa, the top 20% of the population holds nearly 70% of the income.
The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of bilateral and multi-party negotiations between 1990 and 1993. The negotiations culminated in the passage of a new interim Constitution in 1993, a precursor to the Constitution of 1996; and in South Africa's first non-racial elections in 1994, won by the African National Congress (ANC) liberation movement.
The National Health Insurance Act, 2023 (Act No. 20 of 2023) is an act of the Parliament of South Africa, which establishes a South African national health insurance system, commonly referred to as NHI, with the aim of "pooling public revenue in order to actively and strategically purchase health care services" and creating a "single framework throughout the Republic for the public funding and ...
[4] [6] The end of the apartheid system in South Africa has largely not changed the socioeconomic stratification by race. [5] A small subset of the Black population have been able to create a Black middle class that did not exist during apartheid, but otherwise, the large majority of Black people in South Africa have yet to experience a ...
According to the National Treasury of South Africa, "the CSG is now one of the largest social assistance programmes in post-apartheid South Africa reaching 11.2 million children in 2012–13, i.e., approximately 59 per cent of children." [8] The government expenditure on CSG accounted for 3.4 per cent of GDP in 2014. [8]
A referendum on ending apartheid was held in South Africa on 17 March 1992. The referendum was limited to white South African voters, [1] [2] who were asked whether or not they supported the negotiated reforms begun by State President F. W. de Klerk two years earlier, in which he proposed to end the apartheid system that had been implemented since 1948.
The Prohibition of Political Interference Act, 1968 (Act No. 51 of 1968, which was also known as the Prohibition of Improper Interference Act, and was later renamed the Prohibition of Foreign Financing of Political Parties Act), was a piece of apartheid legislation in South Africa that sought to prevent racial groups from collaborating with each other for a political purpose.
In 2017, South Africa spent 8.1% of GDP on health care, or US$499.2 per capita. Of that, approximately 42% was government expenditure. [2] About 79% of doctors work in the private sector. [3] On May 15, 2024, President Cyril Ramaphosa signed the National Health Insurance bill. [4]