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Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness), is a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder that causes childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness as well as various other possible disorders including neurodegeneration.
Some PanNETs do not cause any symptoms, in which case they may be discovered incidentally on a CT scan performed for a different purpose. [ 10 ] : 43–44 Symptoms such as abdominal or back pain or pressure, diarrhea, indigestion, or yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes can arise from the effects of a larger PanNET tumor, either locally ...
The number of new cases of diabetes insipidus each year is 3 in 100,000. [4] Central DI usually starts between the ages of 10 and 20 and occurs in males and females equally. [2] Nephrogenic DI can begin at any age. [3] The term "diabetes" is derived from the Greek word meaning siphon. [6]
Craniopharyngioma, germinoma, pinealoma, glioma, and meningioma can all cause central diabetes insipidus. [10] Trauma - Central diabetes insipidus can be caused by head trauma that affects the posterior pituitary and hypothalamus. [16] Vascular disorders - Vascular disorders such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial hemorrhage, and Sheehan ...
[citation needed] Indications for surgical resection include obstructive jaundice, an enhancing mural nodule >5 mm, and pancreatic duct dilation (>10 mm). [ 12 ] Surgery can include the removal of the head of the pancreas (a pancreaticoduodenectomy ), removal of the body and tail of the pancreas (a distal pancreatectomy ), or rarely removal of ...
Suppresses the exocrine secretory action of pancreas. This explains how abnormally elevated somatostatin can cause diabetes mellitus , by inhibiting insulin secretion, steatorrhoea by inhibiting cholecystokinin and secretin , gall stones by inhibiting cholecystokinin which normally induce gallbladder myocytes to contract, and hypochlorhydria ...
The degree of insulin deficiency is variable. Diabetes can develop from infancy through middle adult life, and some family members who carry the gene remain free of diabetes into later adult life. Most of those who develop diabetes show atrophy of the entire pancreas, with mild or subclinical deficiency of exocrine as well as endocrine function.
A 72-hour fast, usually supervised in a hospital setting, can be done to see if insulin levels fail to suppress, which is a strong indicator of the presence of endogenous hyperinsulinemia, of which the most common cause is insulinoma (followed by autoimmune causes). [8] During the test, the patient may have calorie-free and caffeine-free liquids.