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This same review reported a global combined prevalence of ADHD of 10% in boys and 5% in girls. [58] While the male-to-female ratio of ADHD diagnoses in childhood is about 2.3:1 in children, it approaches 1.5:1 or lower in adulthood. [15] [9] This is consistent with research revealing underdiagnosis of ADHD in females during childhood. [9]
The ICD-10 Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) is a set of diagnosis codes used in the United States of America. [1] It was developed by a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human services, [ 2 ] as an adaption of the ICD-10 with authorization from the World Health Organization .
ADHD inattentive type: Must score either a 2 or 3 on six or more items in questions 1–9, and score of 1 or 2 on any items in the performance section. ADHD hyperactive/impulsive type: Must score either a 2 or 3 on six or more items in questions 10–18, and a score of 1 or 2 on any items in the performance section.
In North America and Australia, DSM-5 criteria are used for diagnosis, while European countries usually use the ICD-10. The DSM-IV criteria for diagnosis of ADHD is 3–4 times more likely to diagnose ADHD than is the ICD-10 criteria. [212] ADHD is alternately classified as neurodevelopmental disorder [213] or a disruptive behaviour disorder ...
The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was found to be 3.4% overall in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, among primary school students between the years of 2015 and 2016, with 22 children having symptoms that were both reported by their parents and teachers. The gender split among them was 3:1, with 13 (5.7%) boys and 9 (2.1%) girls. [17]
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
The Test of Variables of Attention (T.O.V.A.) is a neuropsychological assessment that measures a person's attention while screening for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Generally, the test is 21.6 minutes long and is presented as a simple, yet boring, computer game.
SPD is not included in the DSM-5 or ICD-10, the most widely used diagnostic sources in healthcare. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2012 stated that there is no universally accepted framework for diagnosis and recommends caution against using any "sensory" type therapies unless as a part of a comprehensive treatment plan.