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Torticollis is a fixed or dynamic tilt, rotation, with flexion or extension of the head and/or neck. The type of torticollis can be described depending on the positions of the head and neck. [1] [3] [4] laterocollis: the head is tipped toward the shoulder; rotational torticollis: the head rotates along the longitudinal axis towards the shoulder [5]
Benign paroxysmal torticollis disappears in the early years of life with no medical intervention. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] However, some cases of benign paroxysmal torticollis cases can evolve into benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood , migrainous vertigo or typical migraines .
Spasmodic torticollis is an extremely painful chronic neurological movement disorder causing the neck to involuntarily turn to the left, right, upwards, and/or downwards. The condition is also referred to as "cervical dystonia ".
The classical symptoms of the syndrome are spasmodic torticollis and dystonia. [3] [4] [5] Nodding and rotation of the head, neck extension, gurgling, writhing movements of the limbs, and severe hypotonia have also been noted. [3] Spasms may last for 1–3 minutes and may occur up to 10 times a day.
Opisthotonus or opisthotonos (from Ancient Greek: ὄπισθεν, romanized: opisthen, lit. 'behind' and τόνος, tonos, 'tension') is a state of severe hyperextension and spasticity in which an individual's head, neck and spinal column enter into a complete "bridging" or "arching" position.
People may complain of neck pain, after years of chronic head tilting (ocular torticollis), but this is also encountered in children. [ 4 ] Congenital fourth nerve palsy can affect reading comprehension (and concentration during other near tasks) due to the increased vertical fusional demands and head tilting required to maintain single vision ...
Fibromatosis colli (FMC), also termed sternocleidomastoid tumor of infancy, pseudotumor of infancy, [1] and infancy sternocleidomastoid pseudotumor, [2] is an uncommon (incidence: 0.4%–1.3% of live births), congenital tumor in one of the two sternocleidomastoid neck muscles although rare cases have presented with a FMC tumor in both sternocleidomastoid muscles. [3]
The Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), colloquially referred to as the Royal Children's, is a major children's hospital in Parkville, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Regarded as one of the great Children's hospitals globally, the hospital and its facilities are internationally recognised as a “leading centre for paediatrics”. [3]