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Illinois has a maximum north–south distance of 390 miles (630 km) and 210 miles (340 km) east-west. Total area is 57,918 square miles (150,010 km 2), ranked 25th in size of the 50 states. Water area is 2,325 square miles (6,020 km 2); Lake Michigan accounts for most of this. Charles Mound in the northwest Driftless Area is the highest point ...
Drummer soil is the most abundant and extensive soil in Illinois. It occurs over more than 1,500,000 acres (6,100 km 2) in the state. It is the most productive soil in the state. Corn and soybeans are the principal crops grown in Drummer soil. The average annual precipitation in areas of Drummer soil ranges from 32 to 40 inches (1,000 mm).
South Branch Chicago River in Chicago, Illinois. (. 41°50′30″N 87°40′33″W / 41.8416°N 87.6757°W / 41.8416; -87.6757. ) The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, historically known as the Chicago Drainage Canal, is a 28-mile-long (45 km) canal system that connects the Chicago River to the Des Plaines River. It reverses the ...
Topsoil is composed of mineral particles and organic matter and usually extends to a depth of 5-10 inches (13–25 cm). Together these make a substrate capable of holding water and air which encourages biological activity. There are generally a high concentration of roots in topsoil since this is where plants obtain most of their vital nutrients.
The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is a soil classification system used in engineering and geology to describe the texture and grain size of a soil. The classification system can be applied to most unconsolidated materials, and is represented by a two-letter symbol. Each letter is described below (with the exception of Pt): If the ...
The Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) is the code department [1] [2] of the Illinois state government that operates the state parks and state recreation areas, enforces the fishing and game laws of Illinois, regulates Illinois coal mines, operates the Illinois State Museum system, and oversees scientific research into the soil, water, and mineral resources of the state.
Illinois has received 3.41 inches of rain in the first half of July, 1.6 inches more than in the entire month of June, and leading to higher soil moisture across the state. Levels at 4 ...
The earliest Carboniferous rocks sit conformably on top of the youngest Devonian in Illinois; Carboniferous rocks in the state are areally extensive, regionally very well-exposed, and form a large percentage of the state's bedrock. Illinois remained marine for much of the Carboniferous, with limestones making up most of the rock deposited ...