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  2. Mafic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafic

    A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron. Most mafic minerals are dark in color, and common rock-forming mafic minerals include olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, and biotite. Common mafic rocks include basalt, diabase and gabbro. Mafic rocks often also contain calcium -rich varieties of plagioclase ...

  3. Gabbro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro

    Gabbro (/ ˈɡæbroʊ / GAB-roh) is a phaneritic (coarse-grained and magnesium- and iron-rich), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth 's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro is chemically equivalent to rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt.

  4. Magma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma

    Magma that cools slowly within a magma chamber usually ends up forming bodies of plutonic rocks such as gabbro, diorite and granite, depending upon the composition of the magma. Alternatively, if the magma is erupted it forms volcanic rocks such as basalt , andesite and rhyolite (the extrusive equivalents of gabbro, diorite and granite ...

  5. Igneous intrusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_intrusion

    This produces magma that is less dense than its source rock. For example, a granitic magma, which is high in silica, has a density of 2.4 Mg/m 3, much less than the 2.8 Mg/m 3 of high-grade metamorphic rock. This gives the magma tremendous buoyancy, so that ascent of the magma is inevitable once enough magma has accumulated.

  6. Anorthosite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorthosite

    Anorthosite (/ əˈnɔːrθəsaɪt /) is a phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock characterized by its composition: mostly plagioclase feldspar (90–100%), with a minimal mafic component (0–10%). Pyroxene, ilmenite, magnetite, and olivine are the mafic minerals most commonly present. Anorthosites are of enormous geologic interest, because it is ...

  7. Intrusive rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusive_rock

    QAPF diagram for the classification of plutonic rocks Devils Tower, United States, an igneous intrusion exposed when the surrounding softer rock eroded away. Intrusive rock is formed when magma penetrates existing rock, crystallizes, and solidifies underground to form intrusions, such as batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.

  8. Ultramafic rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultramafic_rock

    Peridotite, a type of ultramafic rock. Ultramafic rocks (also referred to as ultrabasic rocks, although the terms are not wholly equivalent) are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).

  9. Geology of the Kimberley (Western Australia) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_the_Kimberley...

    It also contains some mafic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks metamorphosed between 1865–1856 Ma, and at 1850–1845 Ma. [12] [13] [16] Before and during metamorphism, the Tickalara Metamorphics were intruded by layers of granites, and of tonalites and trondhjemites that are only formed in high-grade metamorphism. [13]

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