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The Constitution of the United States recognizes that the states have the power to set voting requirements. A few states allowed free Black men to vote, and New Jersey also included unmarried and widowed women who owned property. [1] Generally, states limited this right to property-owning or tax-paying White males (about 6% of the population). [2]
The Overseas Citizens Voting Rights Act of 1976 was the first bill to enshrine the constitutional right to vote in federal elections into law for U.S. citizens living overseas. This bill also established uniform absentee voting procedures for U.S. citizens living overseas in federal elections.
1870: The Utah Territory grants suffrage to women. [7]1870: The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is adopted. The amendment holds that neither the United States nor any State can deny the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude," leaving open the right of States to deny the right to vote on account of sex.
However, a suffrage amendment did not pass the House of Representatives until May 21, 1919, which was quickly followed by the Senate, on June 4, 1919. It was then submitted to the states for ratification, achieving the requisite 36 ratifications to secure adoption, and thereby went into effect, on August 18, 1920.
The Sheppard-Towner Act of 1921, which expanded maternity care during the 1920s, was one of the first laws passed appealing to the female vote. [327] Title IX is a federal civil rights law that was passed in 1972 as part (Title IX) of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or other education ...
By 1918, a total of 22 states had adopted some method for citizens to initiate laws and constitutional amendments or to force referendums on laws passed by the legislature.
[297] [298] While that measure did not pass, Cotnam was able to persuade the Governor to call for a special legislative session in 1917. [299] During this session, a bill to allow women to vote in primary elections was passed. [300] Arkansas became the first state that did not have equal suffrage to pass a primary election law for women. [301]
United States – Utah Territory passed a law granting women's suffrage. Utah women citizens voted in municipal elections that spring and a general election on August 1, beating Wyoming women to the polls. [28] The women's suffrage law was later repealed as part of the Edmunds–Tucker Act in 1887.