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  2. Order theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_theory

    Order theory captures the intuition of orders that arises from such examples in a general setting. This is achieved by specifying properties that a relation ≤ must have to be a mathematical order. This more abstract approach makes much sense, because one can derive numerous theorems in the general setting, without focusing on the details of ...

  3. List of order theory topics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_order_theory_topics

    Order theory is a branch of mathematics that studies various kinds of objects (often binary relations) that capture the intuitive notion of ordering, providing a framework for saying when one thing is "less than" or "precedes" another. An alphabetical list of many notions of order theory can be found in the order theory glossary.

  4. List of first-order theories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_first-order_theories

    The theory of finite groups is the set of first-order statements in the language of groups that are true in all finite groups (there are plenty of infinite models of this theory). It is not completely trivial to find any such statement that is not true for all groups: one example is "given two elements of order 2, either they are conjugate or ...

  5. Glossary of order theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_order_theory

    This is a glossary of some terms used in various branches of mathematics that are related to the fields of order, lattice, and domain theory. Note that there is a structured list of order topics available as well. Other helpful resources might be the following overview articles: completeness properties of partial orders; distributivity laws of ...

  6. Lattice (order) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lattice_(order)

    A lattice is an abstract structure studied in the mathematical subdisciplines of order theory and abstract algebra.It consists of a partially ordered set in which every pair of elements has a unique supremum (also called a least upper bound or join) and a unique infimum (also called a greatest lower bound or meet).

  7. First-order logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic

    The Löwenheim–Skolem theorem implies that infinite structures cannot be categorically axiomatized in first-order logic. For example, there is no first-order theory whose only model is the real line: any first-order theory with an infinite model also has a model of cardinality larger than the continuum.

  8. Theory (mathematical logic) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_(mathematical_logic)

    A first-order theory is a set of first-order sentences (theorems) recursively obtained by the inference rules of the system applied to the set of axioms. General theories (as expressed in formal language)

  9. Order (group theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(group_theory)

    Suppose G is a finite group of order n, and d is a divisor of n. The number of order d elements in G is a multiple of φ(d) (possibly zero), where φ is Euler's totient function, giving the number of positive integers no larger than d and coprime to it. For example, in the case of S 3, φ(3) = 2, and