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Resulting optical noise factor is F pnf = SNR pnf,in / SNR pnf,out = 2n sp (1-1/G)+1/G. F pnf is in conceptual conflict [9] [10] with the electrical noise factor, which is now called F e: Photocurrent I is proportional to optical power P. P is proportional to squares of a field amplitude (electric or magnetic). So, the receiver is nonlinear in ...
The noise factor (a linear term) is more often expressed as the noise figure (in decibels) using the conversion: = The noise figure can also be seen as the decrease in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) caused by passing a signal through a system if the original signal had a noise temperature of 290 K. This is a common way of expressing the noise ...
In telecommunications, effective input noise temperature is the source noise temperature in a two-port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the actual network or amplifier connected to a noise-free source.
Friis's formula is used to calculate the total noise factor of a cascade of stages, each with its own noise factor and power gain (assuming that the impedances are matched at each stage). The total noise factor can then be used to calculate the total noise figure. The total noise factor is given as
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If the noise current contribution i n R s >> noise voltage e n, then reducing the source impedance by a factor of 4 reduces the i n contribution by a factor of 4 while the source's thermal noise voltage declines by factor of 2 (ideal transformer with 2:1 turns ratio gives the 4:1 Z ratio); SNR improves by 6 dB. But there's another issue.