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Instead, many addiction counselors were tied to a twelve-step model with less research support. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), a federally funded organisation aiding scientific research into addiction has supported CRAFT intervention techniques among others. [29] In 2007, CRAFT was being used in 25 clinics in the United States. [30]
The latter reflects physical dependence in which the body adapts to the drug, requiring more of it to achieve a certain effect (tolerance) [25] and eliciting drug-specific physical or mental symptoms if drug use is abruptly ceased (withdrawal). Physical dependence can happen with the chronic use of many drugs—including even appropriate ...
Models of addiction risk that have been proposed in psychology literature include an affect dysregulation model of positive and negative psychological affects, the reinforcement sensitivity theory model of impulsiveness and behavioral inhibition, and an impulsivity model of reward sensitization and impulsiveness. [1] [5] [6]
In general medicine and psychiatry, recovery has long been used to refer to the end of a particular experience or episode of illness.The broader concept of "recovery" as a general philosophy and model was first popularized in regard to recovery from substance abuse/drug addiction, for example within twelve-step programs or the California Sober method.
In December 1990, the American Nurses Association Board of Directors approved the creation of the Magnet Hospital Recognition Program for Excellence in Nursing Services. . The program was based on an earlier study by the American Academy of Nursing which identified 14 characteristics of healthcare organizations that excelled in recruitment and retention of registered nu
A 2017 study found that higher ongoing fidelity (model competence) ratings of 91 A-CRA therapists' clinical sessions predicted improved adolescent substance use outcomes. [21] This finding suggests that the A-CRA model of clinical certification and supervision, which rates A-CRA counseling sessions using a standardized rubric, is a central part ...
SMART Recovery is based on scientific knowledge and is intended to evolve as scientific knowledge evolves. [4] The program uses principles of motivational interviewing, found in motivational enhancement therapy (MET), [5] and techniques taken from rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), as well as scientifically validated research on treatment. [6]
[citation needed] The Moral Model of addiction theorizes that addiction is a moral weakness and that it is the sole fault of the person for becoming addicted. Supporters of the Moral Model view drug use as a choice, even for those who are addicted, and addicts as people of bad character. [73]