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  2. Congenital vertebral anomaly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_vertebral_anomaly

    Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae consist of the process of the last lumbar vertebra fusing with the first sacral segment. [1] While only around 10 percent of adults have a spinal abnormality due to genetics, a sixth lumbar vertebra is one of the more common abnormalities. [2] Sacralization of the L5 vertebra is seen at the lower right of the ...

  3. Tethered cord syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethered_cord_syndrome

    By the time of birth the spinal cord is located between L1 and L2. In a baby with Spina bifida the spinal cord is still attached to the skin around it preventing it from rising properly. [13] This occurs because the spinal cord in a child with Spina bifida is low lying and tethered at the bottom.

  4. Lipomeningomyelocele - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipomeningomyelocele

    Serious skin findings are more rare than these other more typical findings. There are also a number of musculoskeletal findings. They all result from the effects of the lipoma on the spine. Abnormal curvature of the spine, scoliosis, and deformities of the spine and legs distal to the lipoma are common. Due to the proximity of the lipomas to ...

  5. Spina bifida - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spina_bifida

    Spina bifida with myelocele is the most severe form of myelomeningocele. In this type, the involved area is represented by a flattened, plate-like mass of nervous tissue with no overlying membrane. The exposure of these nerves and tissues make the baby more prone to life-threatening infections such as meningitis. [33]

  6. Caudal regression syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caudal_regression_syndrome

    Caudal regression syndrome, or sacral agenesis (or hypoplasia of the sacrum), is a rare birth defect.It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1]

  7. Diastematomyelia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diastematomyelia

    Diastematomyelia is a "dysraphic state" of unknown embryonic origin, but is probably initiated by an accessory neurenteric canal (an additional embryonic spinal canal.).) This condition may be an isolated phenomenon or may be associated with other segmental anomalies of the vertebral bodies such as spina bifida, kyphoscoliosis, butterfly vertebra, hemivertebra and block vertebrae which are ...

  8. Spinal muscular atrophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_muscular_atrophy

    Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that results in the loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting. [3] [4] [5] It is usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood and if left untreated it is the most common genetic cause of infant death. [6]

  9. Dural ectasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dural_ectasia

    Dural ectasia can be asymptomatic, in which case no intervention is necessary. However, it is associated with chronic pain in patients with Marfan syndrome, suggesting it is a structural risk factor. [20] There is no medical consensus on how to manage symptomatic (painful) dural ectasia.