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Propoxur is highly toxic to honey bees. The LD50 for bees is greater than one ug/honey bee. [citation needed] Highly toxic Acephate [25] Orthene Organophosphate: 3 days Acephate is a broad-spectrum insecticide and is highly toxic to bees and other beneficial insects. [26] Moderately toxic Azinphos-methyl [27] Guthion, Methyl-Guthion ...
Permethrin is a medication and an insecticide. [6] [7] As a medication, it is used to treat scabies and lice. [8]It is applied to the skin as a cream or lotion. [6] As an insecticide, it can be sprayed onto outer clothing or mosquito nets to kill the insects that touch them.
Contact with a sprayed plant or "weed" can have an effect upon local wildlife, most notably insects. A cause for concern is how pests, the reason for pesticide use, are building up a resistance. Phytophagous insects are able to build up this resistance because they are easily capable of evolutionary diversification and adaptation . [ 49 ]
Cypermethrin is moderately toxic through skin contact or ingestion. It may cause irritation to the skin and eyes. Symptoms of dermal exposure include numbness, tingling, itching, burning sensation, loss of bladder control, incoordination, seizures and possible death. Pyrethroids may adversely affect the central nervous system.
The plant is poisonous, containing cardiostimulant compounds such as adonidin and aconitic acid. [42] Aesculus hippocastanum: horse-chestnut, buckeye, conker tree Sapindaceae: All parts of the raw plant are poisonous due to saponins and glycosides such as aesculin, causing nausea, muscle twitches, and sometimes paralysis. [43] Agave spp.
Tecoma stans is a nontoxic plant, but honey from its flowers is poisonous. [36] [37] Plants including Rhododendron and heathers produce the neurotoxin grayanotoxin. This is toxic to humans but not to bees. Honey from these flowers can be psychoactive, or even toxic to humans. [38] Honey can ferment and produce ethanol. Animals, such as birds ...
Once absorbed, neonicotinoids become present throughout the plant, including in its leaves, flowers, nectar, and pollen. [8] Neonicotinoid use has been linked to adverse ecological effects, including risks to many non-target organisms, and specifically on bees and pollinators.
Bees have been shown to be particularly sensitive to pyrethrin, with fatal doses as small as 0.02 micrograms. [1] Due to this sensitivity and pollinator decline, pyrethrins are recommended to be applied at night to avoid typical pollinating hours, and in liquid rather than dust form. [38]
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