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Acute severe asthma, also known as status asthmaticus, is an acute exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments of bronchodilators (inhalers) and corticosteroids. [2] Asthma is caused by multiple genes , some having protective effect, with each gene having its own tendency to be influenced by the environment although a ...
Asthma is a common condition and affects over 300 million people around the world. [3] Asthma causes recurring episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. [4] Exercise-induced asthma is common in asthmatics, especially after participation in outdoor activities in cold weather.
However, asthma is rarely the only symptom, and not all people with food or other allergies have asthma [17] Sulfite sensitivity Asthma can occur in reaction to ingestion or inhalation of sulfites, which are added to foods and wine as preservatives. [18] Salicylate sensitivity Salicylates can trigger asthma in sensitive individuals. Salicylates ...
Asthma phenotyping and endotyping has emerged as a novel approach to asthma classification inspired by precision medicine which separates the clinical presentations of asthma, or asthma phenotypes, from their underlying causes, or asthma endotypes. The best-supported endotypic distinction is the type 2-high/type 2-low distinction.
GINA conducts continuous review of scientific publications on asthma and is a leader in disseminating information about the care of patients with asthma. [2] GINA publishes resources such as evidence-based guidelines for asthma management, and runs special events such as World Asthma Day. GINA's guidelines, revised each year, are used by ...
ACO presents with symptoms of both asthma and COPD. [1] ACO presents in adulthood, usually after the age of 40 (after there has been significant tobacco smoke or other toxic fumes exposure), with symptoms of dyspnea (shortness of breath), exercise intolerance, sputum production, cough and episodes of symptomatic worsening known as exacerbations.
Furthermore, patients with asthma are found to have an increased release of type II cytokines, especially IL4 and IL5, but a normal or low level of type I cytokine production. Similarly, M. pneumoniae infection promotes a T helper type 2 response, which is why M. pneumoniae -positive patients with asthma have increased airways expression of ...
[13] [15] Pneumonia is also the leading cause of death in children less than five years of age in low income countries. [15] The most common cause of pneumonia is pneumococcal bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for 2/3 of bacteremic pneumonias. [16] Invasive pneumococcal pneumonia has a mortality rate of around 20%. [14]