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The Oder (/ ˈ oʊ d ər / OH-dər [a]; Czech and Polish: Odra [b]) is a river in Central Europe.It is Poland's second-longest river and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and its largest tributary the Warta. [1]
The West German definition of the "de jure" borders of Germany was based on the determinations of the Potsdam Agreement, which placed the German territories (as of 31 December 1937) east of the Oder–Neisse line "under the administration of the Polish State" while "the final delimitation of the western frontier of Poland should await the peace ...
The then official West German government position on the status of the former territories of Germany east of the Oder and Neisse rivers was that the areas were "temporarily under Polish [or Soviet] administration", because the border regulation at the Potsdam Conference had been taken as preliminary provisions to be revisited at a final peace ...
The Germany–Poland border traces its origins to the beginnings of the Polish state, with the Oder (Odra) and Lusatian Neisse (Nysa) rivers (the Oder–Neisse line) being one of the earliest natural boundaries of the early Polish state under the Piast dynasty, [2] [3] [4] although not necessarily yet a border with Germany, as present-day north ...
Opole's history begins in the 8th century. At this time, according to the archeological excavations, [11] the first settlement was founded on the Ostrówek – the northern part of the Pasieka Island in the middle of the Oder river. In the early 10th century it developed into one of the main "gords" of the Lechitic (Polish) Opolans tribe.
After the era of German colonization, the Polish language was still predominant in Upper Silesia and parts of Lower and Middle Silesia north of the Oder river. Here, the Germans who arrived during the Middle Ages were mostly Polonized ; the Germans dominated large cities and Poles lived mostly in rural areas.
The Poles are the most numerous of the West Slavs and occupy what some believe to be the original homeland of the Slavic peoples. While other groups migrated, the Polanie remained in situ along the Vistula, from the river's sources to its estuary at the Baltic Sea. [6] There is no other European nation centred to such an extent on one river. [7]
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