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This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
A highly conserved sequence is one that has remained relatively unchanged far back up the phylogenetic tree, and hence far back in geological time. Examples of highly conserved sequences include the RNA components of ribosomes present in all domains of life, the homeobox sequences widespread amongst eukaryotes, and the tmRNA in bacteria.
The presence of conserved moieties can affect how computer simulation models are constructed. [7] [8] Moiety-conserved cycles will reduce the number of differential equations required to solve a system. For example, a simple cycle has only one independent variable.
These motifs are linear, in the sense that three-dimensional organization is not required to bring distant segments of the molecule together to make the recognizable unit. The conservation of these motifs varies: some are highly conserved while others, for example, allow substitutions that retain only a certain pattern of charge across the motif."
Additionally, exceptional conservation of synteny can reflect important functional relationships between genes. For example, the order of genes in the "Hox cluster", which are key determinants of the animal body plan and which interact with each other in critical ways, is essentially preserved throughout the animal kingdom. [11]
Some conserved core processes, called "exploratory processes", have the ability to generate many different phenotypical outcomes or states. Examples include: the formation of microtubule structures, the development of the nervous system (i.e. connecting of axons and target organs), synapse elimination, muscle patterning, the production of blood ...
Conservation behavior is aimed at applying an understanding of animal behavior to solve problems in the field of conservation biology.These are problems that may arise during conservation efforts such as captive breeding, species reintroduction, reserve connectivity, and wildlife management.
A simple hypothetical example would be two adjacent genes – A and B – on the same chromosome in an individual. If the allele at A promotes fitness "one point", while the allele at B reduces fitness "one point", but the two genes are inherited together, then selection cannot favour the allele at A while penalising the allele at B – the ...