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Armour of an early 16th-century man-at-arms. Throughout the medieval period and into the Renaissance the armour of the man-at-arms became progressively more effective and expensive. Throughout the 14th century, the armour worn by a man-at-arms was a composite of materials. Over a quilted gambeson, mail armour covered the body, limbs and head.
The three-man gleve may have existed in the early 14th century, with a knight supported by two sergeants. Later the sergeants were replaced by mercenaries. The equivalent of the lance of two combatants with page is seen in Germany in the later 14th century, when the second combatant can be a spearman or an archer.
The Yeoman Archers were the English Army's response to a chronic manpower problem when trying to field an army on Continental Europe during the 14th century. Against 27,000 French knights, England could only muster at most 5,000 men-at-arms. [1]: 39 With this 5:1 tactical disadvantage, the English needed a strategic advantage.
14th century Northern Europe warship. These illuminations from a 14th-century manuscript provide some insight as to how the retrofitted castles were used in battle. The first illustration shows a 2-masted vessel, with a man-at-arms in the retrofitted aftcastle, and an archer in the retrofitted topcastle.
The White Company, [66] comprising men-at-arms and longbowmen and commanded by Sir John Hawkwood, is the best known English Free Company of the 14th century. The powerful Hungarian king, Louis the Great, is an example of someone who used longbowmen in his Italian campaigns. [citation needed]
14th: Forearm guard. May be solid metal or splints of metal attached to a leather backing. Bracers made of leather were most commonly worn by archers to protect against snapping bowstrings. Developed in antiquity but named in the 14th century. 'Vambrace' may also sometimes refer to parts of armour that together cover the lower and upper arms ...
Improvements in armour for man and horse allowed cavalry to retain an important role into the 16th century. [50] Instead, the three components of revolution identified by Ayton and Price led to a rebalancing of the elements of the medieval tactical system, opening the way for an integrated arms approach in the 16th century. [51]
Funerary Monument to Sir John Hawkwood, fresco on canvas by Paolo Uccello (1436). The White Company (Italian: Compagnia Bianca del Falco) was a 14th-century English mercenary Free company (Italian: Compagnia di ventura), led from its arrival in Italy in 1361 to 1363 by the German Albert Sterz and later by the Englishman John Hawkwood.