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The Sverdlov-class cruisers, Soviet designation Project 68bis, were the last conventional gun cruisers built for the Soviet Navy.They were built in the 1950s and were based on Soviet, German, and Italian designs and concepts developed prior to the Second World War.
During World War I (1914–1918), Central Powers blockades halted traffic between Imperial Russia and its Allies via the Black Sea and the Baltic. The Tsarist authorities sped up development of an ice-free port at Romanov-on-Murman (present-day Murmansk); however, supplies arriving via the Arctic came too little and too late to prevent the Allied collapse on the Eastern Front.
At least two cruisers of the Soviet Navy have borne the name Murmansk, after the city and naval base of Murmansk: Soviet cruiser Murmansk was the former USS Milwaukee, an Omaha-class cruiser transferred to the USSR in 1944 and decommissioned in 1949. Soviet cruiser Murmansk (1955) was a Sverdlov-class cruiser launched in 1955. She was ...
The heavy cruiser's immediate precursors were the light cruiser designs of the 1910s and 1920s; the US 8-inch 'treaty cruisers' of the 1920s were originally classed as light cruisers until the London Treaty forced their redesignation. Heavy cruisers continued in use until after World War II.
To Train the Fleet for War: The U.S. Navy Fleet Problems. Naval War College Historical Monograph. Vol. 18. Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College Press. ISBN 978-1-884733-69-7. Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
Operation Silver Fox (German: Silberfuchs; Finnish: Hopeakettu) or Murmansk operation (Russian: Мурманская операция) from 29 June to 17 November 1941, was a joint German–Finnish military operation during the Continuation War on the Eastern Front of World War II against the Soviet Union.
Convoy PQ 8 (8–17 January 1942) was an Arctic convoy of the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during the Second World War.The convoy left Iceland on 8 January 1942. On 12 January the convoy had to turn south to avoid ice; the weather was calm, visibility was exceptional, with a short period of twilight around noon. and arrived in Murmansk nine days later.
The 2nd Cruiser Division was formed on 31 May 1956 at Severomorsk, Murmansk Oblast. Its ships included the Sverdlov -class cruisers (Project 68) Murmansk , Aleksandr Nevskiy , and Molotovsk , and the 121st Destroyer Brigade, with 11 Gnevny , Ognevoy , and Skory -class destroyers. [ 12 ]