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A transponder (short for transmitter-responder [1] and sometimes abbreviated to XPDR, [2] XPNDR, [3] TPDR [4] or TP [5]) is an electronic device that produces a response when it receives a radio-frequency interrogation. Aircraft have transponders to assist in identifying them on air traffic control radar.
Depending on the type of interrogation, the transponder sends back a transponder code (or "squawk code", Mode A) or altitude information (Mode C) to help air traffic controllers to identify the aircraft and to maintain separation between planes. Another mode called Mode S (Mode Select) is designed to help avoiding over-interrogation of the ...
There also are standard transponder codes for defined situations defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (marked below as ICAO). Transponder codes shown in this list in the color RED are for emergency use only such as an aircraft hijacking, radio communication failure or another type of emergency.
This is the type of transponder that is used for TCAS or ACAS II (Airborne Collision Avoidance System) functions, and is required to implement the extended squitter broadcast, one means of participating in ADS-B systems. A TCAS-equipped aircraft must have a Mode S transponder, but not all Mode S transponders include TCAS.
An IFF test set used by a United States Air Force avionics technician technical sergeant for testing transponders on aircraft in 2001. Model XAE IFF kit, the first radio recognition IFF system in the U.S. Identification, friend or foe (IFF) is a combat identification system designed for command and control.
An equipment code describes the communication (COM), navigation (NAV), approach aids and surveillance transponder equipment on board an aircraft.These alphabetic codes are used on FAA and ICAO flight plan forms to aid flight service station (FSS) personnel in their handling of aircraft.
A light aircraft transponder. The transponder has a small required set of controls and is simple to operate. It has a method to enter the four-digit transponder code, also known as a beacon code or squawk code, and a control to transmit an ident, which is done at the controller's request (see SPI pulse below). Transponders typically have 4 ...
IFF Mark X was the NATO standard military identification friend or foe transponder system from the early 1950s until it was slowly replaced by the IFF Mark XII in the 1970s. It was also adopted by ICAO, with some modifications, as the civilian air traffic control (ATC) secondary radar (SSR) transponder.