Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
In neoclassical economics, market failure is a situation in which the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not Pareto efficient, often leading to a net loss of economic value. [1][2][3] The first known use of the term by economists was in 1958, [4] but the concept has been traced back to the Victorian philosopher Henry Sidgwick. [5]
Economic efficiency. In microeconomics, economic efficiency, depending on the context, is usually one of the following two related concepts: [1] Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another. Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of ...
The economic history of the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the economy of the U.S., from the colonial era to the present. The emphasis is on productivity and economic performance and how the economy was affected by new technologies, the change of size in economic sectors and the effects of legislation and government policy.
Government failure. In the context of public economics, the term Government failure refers to an economic inefficiency caused by a government regulatory action, if the inefficiency would not have existed in a free market. [1] The costs of the government intervention are greater than the benefits provided.
Market Revolution. The Market Revolution in the 19th century United States is a historical model that describes how the United States became a modern market-based economy. During the mid 19th century, technological innovation allowed for increased output, demographic expansion and access to global factor markets for labor, goods and capital.
Free-rider problem. In economics, the free-rider problem is a type of market failure that occurs when those who benefit from resources, public goods and common pool resources do not pay for them [1] or under-pay. Examples of such goods are public roads or public libraries or other services or utilities of a communal nature.
The 1815 panic was followed by several years of mild depression, and then a major financial crisis – the Panic of 1819, which featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, a collapse in real estate prices, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. [ 9 ] 1822–1823 recession. 1822–1823. ~1 year.
In a free market, market failure is defined as an inefficient allocation of resources. Due to the fact that it is feasible to improve, market failure implies Pareto inefficiency. For example, excessive consumption of depreciating items (drugs/tobacco) results in external costs to non-smokers, as well as premature death for smokers who do not quit.