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In the study of heat transfer, Schwarzschild's equation[1][2][3] is used to calculate radiative transfer (energy transfer via electromagnetic radiation) through a medium in local thermodynamic equilibrium that both absorbs and emits radiation. The incremental change in spectral intensity, [4] (dIλ, [W/sr/m 2 /μm]) at a given wavelength as ...
Spectral flux density. In spectroscopy, spectral flux density is the quantity that describes the rate at which energy is transferred by electromagnetic radiation through a real or virtual surface, per unit surface area and per unit wavelength (or, equivalently, per unit frequency). It is a radiometric rather than a photometric measure.
J i is the diffusion flux vector of the i th species (for example in mol/m 2-s), M i is the molar mass of the i th species, and; ρ is the mixture density (for example in kg/m 3). The is outside the gradient operator. This is because: = where ρ si is the partial density of the i th species.
Radiative flux, also known as radiative flux density or radiation flux (or sometimes power flux density[1]), is the amount of power radiated through a given area, in the form of photons or other elementary particles, typically measured in W/m 2. [2] It is used in astronomy to determine the magnitude and spectral class of a star and in ...
The Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz flux equation (or GHK flux equation or GHK current density equation) describes the ionic flux across a cell membrane as a function of the transmembrane potential and the concentrations of the ion inside and outside of the cell. Since both the voltage and the concentration gradients influence the movement of ions ...
CGS units. 10−23 erg⋅s−1⋅cm−2⋅Hz−1. The jansky (symbol Jy, plural janskys) is a non- SI unit of spectral flux density, [1] or spectral irradiance, used especially in radio astronomy. It is equivalent to 10 −26 watts per square metre per hertz. The flux density or monochromatic flux, S, of a source is the integral of the spectral ...
Flux F through a surface, dS is the differential vector area element, n is the unit normal to the surface. Left: No flux passes in the surface, the maximum amount flows normal to the surface. Right: The reduction in flux passing through a surface can be visualized by reduction in F or dS equivalently (resolved into components, θ is angle to ...
The Navier–Stokes equations are based on the assumption that the fluid, at the scale of interest, is a continuum – a continuous substance rather than discrete particles. Another necessary assumption is that all the fields of interest including pressure, flow velocity, density, and temperature are at least weakly differentiable.