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2. Surge protector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surge_protector

   Surge Protection Device (SPD) for installation in a low-voltage distribution board. A surge protector (or spike suppressor, surge suppressor, surge diverter, [1] surge protection device (SPD) or transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS) is an appliance or device intended to protect electrical devices in alternating current (AC) circuits from voltage spikes with very short duration measured in ...

3. Lightning arrester - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_arrester

   Powerline worker performs maintenance of a lightning arrester on an electrical transmission tower in New Brunswick, Canada. A lightning arrester (alternative spelling lightning arrestor) (also called lightning isolator) is a device, essentially an air gap between an electric wire and ground, used on electric power transmission and telecommunication systems to protect the insulation and ...

4. Residual-current device - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual-current_device

   A residual-current device (RCD), residual-current circuit breaker (RCCB) or ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) [a] is an electrical safety device that interrupts an electrical circuit when the current passing through a conductor is not equal and opposite in both directions, therefore indicating leakage current to ground or current flowing to another powered conductor.

5. Inrush current - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inrush_current

   Inrush current. Inrush current, input surge current, or switch-on surge is the maximal instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. Alternating-current electric motors and transformers may draw several times their normal full-load current when first energized, for a few cycles of the input waveform.

6. IEC 61000-4-5 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC_61000-4-5

   IEC 61000-4-5 is an international standard by the International Electrotechnical Commission on surge immunity. In an electrical installation, disruptive surges can appear on power and data lines. Their sources include abrupt load switching and faults in the power system, as well as induced lightning transients from an indirect lightning strike ...

7. Voltage control and reactive power management - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_control_and...

   The underground power lines are capacitive, so they are loaded below the surge impedance and provide reactive power. Electrical loads usually absorb the reactive power, [7] with the power factor for typical appliances ranging from 0.65 (household equipment with electrical motors, like a washing machine) to 1.0 (purely resistive loads like ...